Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology
Changing time unchanging balance: Examining the effects of gender, personal dynamics, and actor-partner effect on Turkish couples’ division of household labor
Pınar Özdemir 1 *
More Detail
1 Düzce University, Education Faculty, Department of Educational Sciences, Türkiye
* Corresponding Author
Open Access Full Text (PDF)
ARTICLE INFO

Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2023 - Volume 5 Issue 3, pp. 47-60
https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202323943

Article Type: Research Article

Published Online: 20 Oct 2023

Views: 608 | Downloads: 373

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine whether the gender-centered approach persists in the changing and evolving cultural structure of the 21st century and whether women's entry into the labor force, which is accepted as a power-enhancing resource in resource-based approaches, makes a difference in the division of household labor. In addition, the effects of personality traits constituting the personal dynamics of married couples and perceptions of power on the division of household labor were examined using a dyadic method. The sample consisted of 610 individuals (305 heterosexual married couples). Adjective Based Personality Scale (ABPT) developed based on the five-factor model, the Division of Household Labor Scale, and the Relationship Power Scale were used to collect data. Results showed that women took on more roles in the division of household labor. Women in paid employment reported performing less home labor than those who are not employed, but this is still lower than men. The results regarding the effects of personality traits and power showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and power balance between spouses had effects on the division of household labor. The findings were discussed along with the recommendations for the professionals and future studies.
KEYWORDS
In-text citation: (Özdemir, 2023)
Reference: Özdemir, P. (2023). Changing time unchanging balance: Examining the effects of gender, personal dynamics, and actor-partner effect on Turkish couples’ division of household labor. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 5(3), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202323943
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Özdemir P. Changing time unchanging balance: Examining the effects of gender, personal dynamics, and actor-partner effect on Turkish couples’ division of household labor. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology. 2023;5(3), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202323943
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Özdemir P. Changing time unchanging balance: Examining the effects of gender, personal dynamics, and actor-partner effect on Turkish couples’ division of household labor. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology. 2023;5(3):47-60. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202323943
In-text citation: (Özdemir, 2023)
Reference: Özdemir, Pınar. "Changing time unchanging balance: Examining the effects of gender, personal dynamics, and actor-partner effect on Turkish couples’ division of household labor". Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology 2023 5 no. 3 (2023): 47-60. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202323943
In-text citation: (Özdemir, 2023)
Reference: Özdemir, P. (2023). Changing time unchanging balance: Examining the effects of gender, personal dynamics, and actor-partner effect on Turkish couples’ division of household labor. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 5(3), pp. 47-60. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202323943
In-text citation: (Özdemir, 2023)
Reference: Özdemir, Pınar "Changing time unchanging balance: Examining the effects of gender, personal dynamics, and actor-partner effect on Turkish couples’ division of household labor". Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, vol. 5, no. 3, 2023, pp. 47-60. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202323943
REFERENCES
  • Altuzarra, A., Gálvez-Gálvez, C., & González-Flores, A. (2020). Do Spanish dual-earner couples share unpaid work equally?. Social Indicators Research, 150(3), 731-763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02346-3
  • Álvarez, B., & Miles-Touya, D. (2019). Gender imbalance in housework allocation: A question of time?. Review of Economics of the Household, 17, 1257-1287. https://doi.org//10.1007/s11150-019-09467-w
  • Arránz-Becker, O. (2013). Effects of similarity of life goals, values, and personality on relationship satisfaction and stability: Findings from a two‐wave panel study. Personal Relationships, 20(3), 443-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01417.x
  • Bacanli, H., İlhan, T., & Aslan, S. (2009). Beş faktör kuramına dayalı bir kişilik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Sıfatlara Dayalı Kişilik Testi (SDKT) [Development of Personality Scale based on the Five Factor Theory: The Adjective-Based Personality Test (ABPT)]. Turkish Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(2), 261-279.
  • Bartley, S. J., Blanton, P. W., & Gilliard, J. L. (2005). Husbands and wives in dual-earner marriages: Decision-making, gender role attitudes, division of household labor, and equity. Marriage & Family Review, 37(4), 69-94. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v37n04_05
  • Blood Jr, R. O., & Wolfe, D. M. (1960). Husbands and wives: The dynamics of family living. Free Press Glencoe.
  • Carlson, J. & Yang, J. (2008). Adlerian family therapy. In K. Jordan (Ed.). The Quick Theory reference guide (pp. 197-208). Nova Science Publishers.
  • Caughlin, J. P., Huston, T. L., & Houts, R. M. (2000). How does personality matter in marriage? An examination of trait anxiety, interpersonal negativity, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 78(2), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.78.2.326
  • Chen, Y. P., Shaffer, M., Westman, M., Chen, S., Lazarova, M., & Reiche, S. (2014). Family Role Performance: Scale development and validation. Applied Psychology, 63(1), 190-218.https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12005
  • Cherlin, A. J. (2004). The deinstitutionalization of American marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(4), 848-861.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x
  • Davis, S. N., & Greenstein, T. N. (2013). Why study housework? Cleaning as a win­dow into power in couples. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12004
  • Dernberger, B. N., & Pepin, J. R. (2020). Gender Flexibility, but not equality: Young adults' division of labor preferences. Sociological Science, 7, 36–56. https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a2&brand=gc1
  • Epstein, H., Ryan, C., Bishop, D., Miller, I., & Keitner, G. (2003). The McMaster model: A view of healthy family functioning. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family process (3rd Ed.), (pp. 581-607). Guilford Press.
  • Erickson, R. J. (2005). Why emotion work matters: Sex, gender, and the division of household labor. Journal of marriage and family, 67(2), 337-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00120.x
  • Evertsson, M. (2014). Gender ideology and the sharing of housework and child care in Sweden. Journal of Family Issues, 35(7), 927-949. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14522239
  • Frisco, M. L., & Williams, K. (2003). Perceived housework equity, marital happiness, and divorce in dual-earner households. Journal of Family Issues, 24(1),51-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X02238520
  • Gershuny, J. (2000). Changing times: Work and leisure in postindustrials. Oxford University Press.
  • Gladding, S. (2015) Family therapy. History, theory and practice. Pearson Education.
  • Gündoğdu-Aktürk, E. (2010). Attachment figure transference, caregiving styles and marital satisfaction in arranged and love marriages (Publication no. 277940) [Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Gupta, S. (2007). Autonomy, dependence, or display? The relationship between mar­ried women's earnings and housework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(2), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00373.x
  • Harris, V. W., Skogrand, L., & Hatch, D. (2008). Role of friendship, trust, and love in strong Latino marriages. Marriage & Family Review, 44(4), 455-488. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494920802454041
  • Hernández-Albújar, Y., Sáez, G., & Garrido-Macías, M. (2023). The ımpact of household labor distribution on domestic conflicts during Covid-19 confinement orders in Spain and Italy. Feminist Economics, 29(2), 129-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2022.2116070
  • Hook, J. (2004). Reconsidering the division of household labor: Incorporating volunteer work and informal support. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(1), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6478.00050-i1
  • Jeffrey-Hill, E., Yang, C., Hawkins, A. J., & Ferris, M. (2004). A cross‐cultural test of the work‐family interface in 48 countries. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(5), 1300-1316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00094.x
  • Kan, M.-Y., Hertog, E., & Kolpashnikova, K. (2019). Housework share and fertility preference in four East Asian countries in 2006 and 2012. Demographic Research, 41(35), 1021–1046. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes. 2019.41.35
  • Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar-ilkeler-teknikler [Scientific research method: Concepts-principles-techniques]. Nobel.
  • Kaynak Malatyalı, M. Y., & Büyükşahin Sunal, A. T. D. (2014). Investigation of perceived power in married couples with regard to attachment dimensions and investment model variables (Publication no. 366496) [Doctoral dissertation, Ankara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Killewald, A., & Gough, M. (2010). Money isn't everything: Wives' earnings and housework time. Social Science Research, 39(6), 987–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.08.005
  • Kolpashnikova, K., & Kan, M. Y. (2020). Gender gap in housework: Couples’ data analysis in Kyrgyzstan. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 51(2), 154-187.https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.51.2.04
  • Mbweza, E., Norr, K. F., & McElmurry, B. (2008). Couple decision making and use of cultural scripts in Malawi. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00200.x
  • Moreno-Colom, S. (2017). The gendered division of housework time: Analysis of time use by type and daily frequency of household tasks. Time & Society, 26(1), 3-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X15577269
  • Oshio, T., Nozaki, K., & Kobayashi, M. (2013). Division of household labor and marital satisfaction in China, Japan, and Korea. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 34(2), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.48.2.261
  • Ozdemir (2019). Creating high-quality marriages: A study on the experiences of happy couples (Publication no. 550292) [Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual (4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
  • Pulerwitz, J., Gortmaker, S. L., & DeJong, W. (2000). Measuring sexual relationship power in HIV/STD research. Sex Roles, 42(7-8), 637-660.
  • Ruppanner, L., Brandén, M., & Turunen, J. (2018). Does unequal housework lead to divorce? Evidence from Sweden. Sociology, 52(1), 75-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038516674664
  • Schober, P. S. (2013). The parenthood effect on gender inequality: Explaining the change in paid and domestic work when British couples become parents. European Sociological Review, 29(1), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr041
  • Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2011). Family communication. Routledge.
  • Sherwood, E. M. (2008). Marital strength in Canadian military couples: A grounded theory approach [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.
  • Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1978). Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedents. University of Texas Press. https://doi.org/10.7560/764439
  • Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). MA Pearson.
  • Zimmerman, T. S., Haddock, S. A., Ziemba, S. & Rust, A. (2002). Family organizational labor: Who's calling the plays?. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 13(2-3), 65-90. https://doi.org/10.1300/J086v13n02_05
  • Veldorale-Brogan, A., Bradford, K., & Vail, A. (2010). Marital virtues and their relationship to individual functioning, communication, and relationship adjustment. Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 281-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.498617
  • Vennum, A., & Fincham, F. D. (2011). Assessing decision making in young adult romantic relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 739-751. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023287
  • Weiss, J. M. (2014). Marital preparation, experiences, and personal qualities in a qualitative study of ındividuals in great marriages. [Unpublished master of science]. Utah University, Logan, Utah.
  • Whiteman, S. D., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2007). Longitudinal changes in marital relationships: The role of offspring’s pubertal development. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4), 1005-1020. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00427.x
LICENSE
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.